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First of all, “tsukare” means tiredness or fatigue.  So, literally, it translates to something like: “You must be tired” or “You’re worn out.” 

But that’s not how it’s usually meant. It’s not about being physically tired — it’s a way of saying: “Thanks for your hard work” or “Good job today.” 

It shows appreciation and recognition for someone’s time and effort. 

Here are some typical situations where you’ll hear “otsukaresama” : 

• At work :  

 　Greeting coworkers during the day → “Otsukaresama desu.”  

 　Leaving the office → “Otsukaresama deshita.” 

• At the end of meetings or calls :  

 　Used like “Thanks for your time.” 

• After class or group work :  

 　Students or colleagues often say it to each other. 

• On casual terms :  

 　With friends or teammates → just “Otsukare~!” 

It’s often used as a greeting and to acknowledge someone’s effort or simply to be polite. 

• お疲れ様です (Otsukaresama desu) 

[Meaning] : Ongoing/polite. 

[Usage] : During the workday or meeting. 

• お疲れ様でした (Otsukaresama deshita) 

[Meaning] : Past/polite. 

[Usage] : When something has ended. 

• おつかれ〜 (Otsukare~) 

[Meaning] : Casual/slang. 

[Usage] : Between close friends.

• ご苦労様です (Gokurousama desu) 

[Meaning]: Polite but hierarchical. 

[Usage] : Said by a superior to a subordinate＊ Important: Don’t say ご苦労様です to your boss — it sounds like you’re above them!