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すみません (sumimasen) is a polite way to say sorry — but also to say “excuse me.” 

• You bump into someone.

• You want someone’s attention. 

• You feel sorry for causing trouble. 

• You’re politely apologizing to a stranger or boss.

Example : 

 You accidentally step on someone’s foot on the train : 

 → 「すみません！」 

It’s a safe, respectful word you’ll hear everywhere in Japan. 

すまん (suman) is an older, more masculine-sounding way to say sorry. 

You might hear it in: 

• Period dramas. 

• Among older men. 

• Casual but serious apologies between close friends or colleagues. 

Example : 

You forgot to send an important file to your coworker : 

→ 「すまん、今すぐ送る！」 

It can sound blunt compared to “sumimasen,” but it’s still sincere. 

Not common in formal settings — better for close relationships or informal contexts. 

ごめんなさい (gomen nasai) is more of a heartfelt apology. 

 It’s usually used : 

• When you hurt someone’s feelings. 

• When you’re apologizing to someone close to you. 

• In emotional or personal situations. 

Example: 

 You forgot your friend’s birthday : 

 → 「ごめんなさい…」 

It feels soft and sincere — a good choice when you want to show genuine regret. 

ごめん (gomen) is the short form of ごめんなさい. 

 It’s casual and friendly, often used : 

• Between close friends. 

• In quick, light situations. 

Example: 

You text someone: “Sorry I’m late!” → 「ごめん！」 

There’s also ごめんね (gomen ne), which adds 「ね」 for a softer, warmer tone. 

It’s perfect when : 

• You want to apologize gently to a friend or child.

• You’re saying sorry in a caring or playful way.

Example: 

 You tease your friend and they pretend to be upset: 

 → 「あ、ごめんね〜！」